ISLAMIC CULTURE PAPERS SINCE THE 7TH

Kaummuslim.com Islam has begun to develop again since the 7th century and has expanded globally from moment to time. In its dissemination automaticallyIslam has laid down its cultural values.

Islamic culture is the output of human logic, mind, creation, taste, karsa, and work based on tawhid values. Islam highly values human logic to move &develop. The results of processing, mind, taste, & karsa who have been selected, the universal human values have developed into a civilization.
In its development, it is necessary to be guided by revelations and budgets that are bound to avoid being trapped in ambitions that are sourced in animal passions, as a result of which it will harm itself. Here belief serves to guide man in spreading his reasoning so as to produce civilized culture or Islamic slavery.

Problem Formulation 

a.   What is the Concept of Culture in Islam?

b.  Cultural principles in Islam?

c. What is the Intellectual History of Islam?

d. Culture that can and cannot be in islam ?

e. How did the Mosque become the Center of Civilization in Islam?

The purpose of making this paper is:

1. To add insight to the reader's opposition to the Islamic Cultural System.

2. To guide people in developing the Islamic Cultural System.

3. And become a complement to the assignment of the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) course.

Islamic Social and Cultural System

A.    The Concept of Culture in Islam

From an etymological point of view, the word culture is a term in Indonesian which comes from the Sanskrit buddhi which means intellect (understanding). The word buddhi changed to a culture that means "known or thought-provoking". Culture means the mind, reason, culture, which is about a developed, civilized, advanced culture (Poerwadarminta,1982:157).

From the cultural understanding above, it can be stated in other languages that culture is a picture according to the level of thinking of people. The highs and lows of people's thinking will be seen in their cultural output. Culture is the origin of the heart of a nation, class, or individual. The highs and lows of the person, class, or race, will be seen in the culture that is possessed as the output of his creation. Then it can also be saidthat culture is the orientation & mindset of man, class, or nation. Culture is a concept that has a very broad scope. This is inseparable based on the background of the emergence of a culture. Dawson (1993:57) gives four factors that are the main reasons that determine the complexion of a culture, namely geographical, hereditary or national, psychiatric, & economic factors.

In Islam, there is indeed no concrete formulation of a culture. Relating to the case of culture. Islam provides a basic framework or principle that is essential or essential. In other words, Islam merely gives a basic concept that in its embodiment depends on its understanding. In circumstances or when they are not the same, its essence is realized by the acidences that are strongly influenced by economic, political, socio-cultural, engineering, artistic, and possibly philosophical aspects.

The characteristics that distinguish between Islamic culture and other cultures, revealed by the Siba'ithat the characteristics of Islamic culture are those that are upheld on the basis of aqidah dantauhid, with the dimensions of pure humanism, placed on the pillars of noble morals, imbued with the spirit of science (Zainal, 1993:60).

From the above presentation, it can be concluded that Islamic culture can be understood as the result of the process of logic, mind, creation, work, karsa, & sense of the person who breathes the revelation of the Apostle . Namely, a culture of charitable morals that exists as an implementation of the Qur'an & Al-Hadith where both are the origin of the teachings of Islamic beliefs, the source of customs and the origin of the first & primary Islamic law. Thus, Islamic culture can be sorted as three principled elements, namely Islamic culture becomes the output of the creation of Islamic people's work, the culture is based on Islamic teachings, & is a reflection according to Islamic teachings.

The three elements are a complete unity & cannot be separated from one another. Thus, no matter how good the culture is, if it is not a product of the Mslimins, it cannot be said & claimed as Islamic culture. Likewise, in contrast, although the culture is a product of the Muslims, but its substance is in no way the norms of Islamic teachings. In other words, Al-Faruqi (2001)asserts that in fact Islamic culture is "The culture of the Qur'an", because everything is based on the series of revelations of Allah Almighty to the prophet Muhammad SAWpada of the 7th century. Without the revelation of Islamic culture, Islamic philosophy, Islamic law, Islamic citizens as well as Islamic political or economic organizations.

B.    Principles of Culture in Islam

Islam, come to organize and guide society towards a good &balanced life. Thus Islam is not suddenly to destroy the culture that has been adopted by a society, but at the same time Islam wants to make this people far away and avoid according to things that are not useful & bring madlarat to life, as a result of which Islam needs to straighten out / guide the culture that develops in society towards a civilized culture & progressing and increasing the degree of humanity.

This kind of principle, in fact, has animates the content of the Indonesian Constitution, article 32, although in practice and details there are very striking differences. In the explanation of article 32 of the Constitution, it is stated: "Cultural efforts must go towards the advancement of customs, cultures and units, using non-rejecting new materials based on foreign cultures that can develop or enrich the culture of one's own nation, as well as increase the degree of humanity of the Idonesian nation ".

From there, Islam has divided culture into three kinds:

First : Cultures that are not opposed to Islam.such as ; the extent of the size of the dowry at marriage, in societyAceh, for example, the family of women in general, chooses the amount of dowry around 50-100 gr of gold.

Second : A culture whose elements are partially opposed to Islam, the most obvious example, is the Jahiliyah tradition of performing the Hajj in ways that are contrary to the teachings of Islam, such aslafadh " talbiyah " which is loaded with shirking, thowaf in the Kaaba with nakedness.

Third : Conflicting cultures use Islam. Such as, the "ngaben" culture carried out by the Balinese community.

C. Historyintelectuals in Islam

There are many factors that cause the growth process of Islamic civilization. However, in a grand outline, it can be divided as two factors that cause the growth of Islamic civility, until it reaches the mondial sphere, namely internal factors and external factors.
The first factor (internal) of origin according to in the norms or teachings of Islam is independent.
The 2nd factor(external) in its nature is an implication based on the first factor. Such powerful internal motivations have crystallized on the lives of Muslims in line using historical developments, & the values or norms of Islamic teachings animating in each of their lives.

Milestones in the history of Islamic civilization, never dated based on the history of Islamic intellectuals. To know well the development, ideally an adequate understanding of the periodization of the history of the development ofIslam is needed. Using the theory developed by Harun Nasution, seen in terms of its development, Islamic intellectual history can be grouped into three periods, namely: the classical period between 650-1250 AD, the middle period between 1250-1800 AD, & the current period between 1800 and the present.

In classical times, clerics' mahzab were born, such as: Imam Hanafi, Imam Hambali, Imam Shafi'i , and Imam Maliki. In line with that was born the first muslim philosopher,Al-Kindi 801 AD. Among his thoughts, he argued that the Muslims got philosophy to be part of Islamic culture. In addition, Al-Kindi, in that century also grand philosophers were born, for example: Al-Razi (865 AD) andAl-Farabi (870 AD). both are known as grand builders of the philosophical system. In the next century, the great philosopher Ibn Miskawaih was born in 930 AD. His famous thoughts on moral education. Then Ibn Sina in 1037 AD, IbnBajjah in 1138 AD, Ibn Tufail in 1147 AD,& Ibn Rusyd in 1126 AD.