HISTORY OF ISLAMIC CULTURE AT THE TIME OF THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH

Kaummuslim.com - Welcome to the Muslim website about deeper Islamic knowledge, this time Kaummuslim will discuss the history of Islamic culture.

A. Introduction

The development of Islam in the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and the companions was an Islamic religion in the golden age, it was able to see how the purity of Islam itself with the existence of the perpetrator & the main factor, namely the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Then in the next era, namely the era of the companions, especially in the time of caliph four or who is more famous for using the name Khulafaur Rasyidin, Islam developed rapidly where almost two/three of the earth we inhabited were almost held and dominated by Islam. The development of Islam in this era was the starting point for the change of civilization towards a more advanced one. So it is not surprising that historians note that Islam in the time of Nabi Muhammad & Khulafaur Rasyidin was an Islam of extraordinary influence. As far as it is necessary, we should look back and re-examine how the history of Islam was at that time.

B. Problem Formulation

1. How was the development and growth of Islam in the Mecca period and its social system?

2. How was the development and growth of Islam in the Medina period & its social system?

3. What does the Prophet's hijra mean to Madinah/Political Basis?

4. What is the content of the Meddone charter?

5. What was the form of government during the time of the Messenger of Allah?

C. Purpose of Writing

1. To know the development & growth of Islam in the Mecca period & its social system.

2. To know the development and growth of Islam in the period of Medina & its social system.

3. To know the meaning of hijra &political basis.

4. To know the contents of the Chartermadinah.

5. To know the form of government at the time of the Messenger of Allah.

A. Mecca Period & Its Systemsocial

Prophet Muhammad SAW was born on April 20, 571 A.D. This decree is exemplified by many origins of Arabic news, namely in the year known as the year of the elephant. He was based on a materially poor but noble & honourable family. His father was named Abdullah bin Abdul Muthalib bin Hashim bin Abdi Manaf bin Qusay bin Kilab. 

It is said that these Children of Hashim are a family that is positioned as a provider and giver of drinking water for pilgrims who are known as Siqayah Al Hajj. While the mother of the Prophet Muhammad saw was Aminah Binti Wahab, a descendant of Bani Zuhrah. Later, nasab or genealogy of the father and mother of the Prophet met in Kilab ibn Murrah. At the time of the prophet Muhammad SAW was in an orphan state because his father Abdullah died 3 months after he married Aminah. Prophet Muhammad was then handed over to the nanny mother, Halimah Sa'diyyah. It was in his upbringing that the Prophet Muhammad SAW was exalted until the age of four. After about 2 years in the care of his biological mak, when he was six years old Prophet Muhammad SAW as an orphan.

AfterAminah died, Abdul Muthalib reached into the responsibility of taking care of the prophet Muhammad SAW. However, two years later Abdul Muthalib died globally because of the pandemic. Further responsibilities passed to his uncle, Abu Talib. Like jua Abdul Muthalib, he was very respected &respected by the Quraysh and the inhabitants of Mecca as a whole, but he was poor.

At a young age, prophet Muhammad SAW killed his family goat herder and the people of Makkah. Through this grazing activity, he found a place to think & reflect. This thought and contemplation made him far from all thoughts of worldly passions, as a result of which he was spared according to various kinds of stains that could interfere with his name, hence since he was young he had been nicknamed al-Amin, a trusted man. prophet Muhammad SAW was also a man who was talented in the religious field. In his age before the coming down of revelation, he liked to exile himself at mountaineering outside the city of Makkah to pray for silence.

At the age of 25, Prophet Muhammad SAW joined the trade to the Levant, selling goods belonging to Khadijah, a distinguished &wealthy woman. He used to tell people to sell their goods using dividing part of the proceeds on them. When Khadijah heard coverage of the honesty of his words, trustworthiness and glory and the profits of his trade were abundant, Khadijah was attracted to him. those who attended the wedding were Bani Hashim and the leaders of Bani Mudhar.

a.   Stealthy Broadcasting of Islam

When the first revelation came down, the Prophet had not been commanded to call on the people to worship & pray for Allah Almighty. Gabriel no longer arrived for a while. It was while it was waiting that then came down the 2nd revelation (QS. Al-Mudatsir:1-7) which mentions the task of the Messenger of Allah SAW, which is to call on the ummah of people to worship and worship Allah Almighty. With this order, the Messenger of Allah SAW began to preach secretly.

Islam is in the midst of the people by bringing new laws as an essential guide regarding the observance of godliness & society for the regulation of human behaviour in life & association. Furthermore, these basic guidelines become a foothold for the development of social, economic, political &cultural systems.

His first proselytizing was in his family of friends. The first person who had faith in Him meant Siti Khadijah (wife of the Prophet), followed by Ali ibn Abi Talib (son of the Prophet's uncle) & Zaid binHaritsah (a housekeeper who was later appointed his son). Then his sidekick Abu Bakr Siddiq. Gradually it was widely taught, but it was still limited among the families of the Quraysh only, for example, Usman ibn Affan, Zubair ibn Awam, Sa'adibn Abi Waqas, Abdurrahman Ibn Auf, Thalhahibn Ubaidillah, Abu Ubaidillah Ibn Jahrah, Arqam Ibn Arqam, Fatimah Binti Khattab, Said ibn Zaid and several others, they were all called Assabiquna al Awwalun, were the first people to convert to Islam.

b.   Blatantly Broadcasting Islam

The next step of proselytizing taken by ProphetMuhammad SAW was to call on the general public. The Prophet began to call on all levels of society to Islam using clearly, both the nobles and the Sahara. At first, the Prophet called for the inhabitants of Mecca, then the inhabitants of other lands. In addition, the Prophet called on people who came to Makkah, from many lands to do the Hajj. Proselytizing activities are carried out tirelessly. With his persistent efforts, the expected output began to show. The number of followers of Prophet Muhammad SAW, which was previously only a person's background, is increasing day by day. They were mainly composed of women, slaves, workers, and non-possessed people. Although most of them are weak people, their spirits are very strong.

With the prophet's proselytizing clearly to all the inhabitants of Mecca, the poly inhabitants of Mecca who knew the content of the Qur'an were very great, and had a bright (fluent) and interesting language. So gradually many Arabs converted to Islam. With serious business, the followers of the Prophet SAW increased so that the Quraysh leaders who did not like it if Islam became large and strong tried to resist the prophet's proselytizing by carrying out tortures in the presence of believers. Many things were done by the leaders of Quraish to prevent the proselytizing of the Prophet. They told people who converted to Islam even though members of their own family or sahaya servants were tortured in order to return to their previous beliefs (apostasy). The atrocities committed by the Meccans against the Muslims encouraged the Prophet SAW to evacuate his companions out of Mecca. In the midst of the fierce atrocities 2 strong men of Quraysh converted to Islam, namely Hamzah & Umar bin khattab as a result of strengthening the position of Muslims.

With the smooth proselytizing activities of the Messenger of Allah, the infidels of Quraysh carried out a boycott of followers of Islam.Boycottit stopped the quraysh leaders from being aware of their outrageous actions. But after a while Abu Talib died, 3 days later his wife, Siti Khodijah died. That year was the year of sorrow for the Prophet (Ammul Huzni).